Essay about Fighting Terrorism Without Invading Privacy

â€Å"In the long, twilight struggle against Communism, we had been reminded that the very liberties that we sought to preserve could not be sacrificed at the altar of national security â€Å" (â€Å"Obama’s Speech On†¦Ã¢â‚¬  1). One of these very civil liberties, recently recognized by the United Nations, is the â€Å"right to privacy in the digital age†. Although the actions of the United Nations are not legally binding, it is evident that the right to Internet privacy is becoming increasingly important in the international world. Breaches in Internet privacy have become commonplace as Social Security and credit card numbers are stolen along with passwords to bank accounts and social media sites. Breaches in Internet privacy have become especially problematic in†¦show more content†¦For example, Facebook was found to not delete information from their servers every 90 days as claimed placing in jeopardy information of accounts on their serves that hav e been deactivated for years (â€Å"Facebook Does Not†¦Ã¢â‚¬  1). Currently, there is no solution that deals with Internet privacy as a whole. Although measures have been taken to protect the right to digital privacy, such as the Supreme Court ruling in 1972 that ruled warrantless wiretaps illegal, much of this action has been turned around by post 9/11 legislation such as the Patriot Act which has increased the amount of surveillance the government can enact legally (Issitt 1). In previous years, net neutrality has been thought of as a breakthrough in the digital age and a good, comprehensive solution that could protect the people right to digital privacy. Net neutrality is the idea of having a basic, decentralized Internet in which all data is treated in the same exact way and transported at the same exact speeds in an anonymous fashion. Forms of net neutrality are widely used in telephones, shipping, and public utilities. For these services, net neutrality has worked as it has allowed for anonymity and lack of priority. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) stopped the use of net neutrality as well as any form of regulation on the Internet that deals with Internet privacy. While many are at a loss of words as toShow MoreRelatedHomeland Security Essay1407 Words   |  6 Pagesmost controversial issues facing this country with one of the most controversial being the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). 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In New York City, police are allowed to stop and question citizens if they seem suspicious, even frisk them for hidden weapons or contrabands, without a warrant. According to the New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU), officers in New York stopped about 97,000 people for questioning in 2002, the earliest year of recorded data. This number has risen dramatically, to about 686,000 stops in 2011Read MoreThe Patriot Act A Condensed Versi on Of The Framework2070 Words   |  9 Pagesof domestic terrorism in the United States. However, if not properly utilized, there will be, and should be a strong public reaction against the Act due to its extensive range of authority. Many provisions in the Act apply to American citizens, and we will be affected. A Violation of American Freedoms: The Patriot Act Introduction The U.S.A. 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Normative Foundations Of Critical Theories - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Normative Foundations Of Critical Theories. Answer: Introduction: Ethics are certain moral duties that help to systemise a work or culture and differentiate in between the right and wrong (Shafer-Landau, 2014). Ethics are defined as good habit by the Greek anthropologists. It concentrates on the human morality and classified into three parts such as meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics. According to Rushworth Kidder, ethics helps to find out the morality within a human being. In the words of Larry Churchill, ethics direct the human action and maintain the human capacity. Moral agents are the person who separate the positive from the negative and decide their action based on that. The main objective of the moral agents is to observe the situation so that no unjustified harm can take place (Forcehimes, 2015). The executive members of a company are playing the role of moral agents and their duty is to take a vision on the company affairs In case of any wrong activity, they should have to give necessary advice to the management in order to avoid the unjustified harm. The proper approach of the moral agents regarding ethics is to be determined and according to the philosophers, moral agents follow the normative ethics (May, 2017). Normative theories help the moral agents to point out the right and wrong action. However, normative theory can be divided into certain parts such as utilitarianism, categorical imperative, virtue ethics and intuitionism. Ethical decision of the moral agents is multi-dimensional. The dimensions can be categorised as: (i) sense of social responsibility, (ii) organisational culture, and (iii) organisational policies taken by the moral agents. It has been observed that there are certain companies, where the moral agents had not maintained the ethical approaches and that wrong activity led the company towards its winding up process. This report will discuss about such two companies and will point out the duty and role of the moral agents and ethical dimensions to denote their action. Ethical theories: Ethics are the moral principles that determine the nature and character of an act or work. The philosophers have divided the ethical approaches into three parts: meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics. The duties of the moral agents are influenced by the normative ethical approaches (MacKinnon Fiala, 2014). In general, normative ethics are denoted certain ethical actions that are to be taken place during the performance a job or determine a duty. It makes an investigation to the action taken by the moral agents and determines the standards of an action. It is different from the meta-ethical approach and do not concentrate on the metaphysics or lingual aspects. Moral agents are governed by the normative theory as this theory made an attempt to investigate the reason that makes an action right or wrong (Honneth, 2014). However, philosophers have divided the theory in certain parts. The first part can be called as utilitarianism. This theory attempts to determine the rightness and wrongness of an action by the virtue of cost-benefit analysis. The supporters of this theory believe that an act can be good or bad as per their consequence. If the consequence is good, it will be called as right and if the consequence is bad, it will be termed as negative work. The utilitarian supporters believe that a person should not discriminate others with the intension to earn benefit for them. Everyone has an opportunity to choose either good or bad action. Person should concentrate over the consequence of an action (Christians et al., 2015). However, it is not mandatory to apply this theory only in case of making a decision. The theory can be applied in every possible steps of a human being. The second part of normative theory is known as categorical imperative. This theory deals with the rationalism and control the behaviour of a person. According to Robert Johnson, the rationalism is governed by the universal law and motivates the people so that they could not undermine others with an object to feather their own nest. The third part of the theory can be called as virtue ethics. The main profounder of this theory was Aristotle. This theory concentrates on the personal happiness and suggests taking all the right action to fulfil the happiness (Frederickson Rohr, 2015). However, it should be kept in mind that the notion of Aristotle regarding the happiness is quite different from the pleasure. It is the rational duty of the person to develop the standard with the help of good things and should not deceive others. The fourth and the last part of the theory are known as intuitionism. W. D. Ross had coined the theory to explain the nature and character of right and wrong action. It has been observed by Ross that people has certain prima facie duties and that duties can be divided into certain parts such as duty of fidelity, duty of reparation etc. Therefore, it can be stated that the main objective of the normative theory is to verify the action of a person whether the action done by him is right or wrong. In this report, two different cases has been discussed on the duties of the moral agency. The moral agency denotes the capability of an individual to judge the nature of an activity and determine required action based on the rightness or wrongness of the act. Moral characters are playing an important role and it has been observed that the character is depending on the theory of normative principle and empirical psychology. The character evaluates the moral qualities of a person and consists of virtue and vices as well (Trevino Nelson, 2016). Morality should have certain characters such as empathy, courage, fortitude, honesty and loyalty. These characters help to grow the moral nature within a human being and assist to achieve the goal rightfully. The moral characters are necessary to make an ethical decision (Brey, 2014). In this report, two different case have been discussed where the moral agents have failed to maintain their duties properly and both the companies were held liable for ponzi scams. The executives of the both the companies are Bernard Madoff and Bernard Ebbers. Bernard Madoff was a financier who had made false promise to certain investors to invest their savings and was being charged under the offence of fraud, money laundering and theft (Azim Azam, 2016). The process adopted by him is called Ponzi scheme. However, Ponzi schemes are not illegal, rather quite profitable. In this scheme, the promisor collects money from investors and repays the promised amount to the old investors and makes a huge profit (Baer, 2014). However, if the promise maker does not repay the amount to the investors, the act becomes illegal. Madoff was a well known person in the financial world and therefore, it becomes easier to him to attract the investors and grab their money and flown off. It has been observ ed that the accountant and the personal legal advisor of Madoff had to face imprisonment for such scam (Lewis, 2016). Similar mishap has been taken place in case of Bernard Ebber. He was the CEO of WorldCom. He was held liable for the scam of $100 million and secured his place in the five biggest and historical Wall Street scam of all time. Ebber had joined as a financier in the Long Distance Discount Services. Later he joined as the CEO of WorldCom, which is a telecommunication-based commercial house. Before the appointment of Ebber, the managing director of WorldCom made certain fraudulent entries. After his joining, he came to know about these entities and conspire to falsify the financial reports. However, the activities were suppressed and came into light after the publication of Bernard Madoffs Ponzi scheme. However, the American court had pleased to pass an order of imprisonment for a term of 150 years to him. Therefore, it has been observed from the cases that both the persons, Bernard Ebber and Bernard Madoff were the executive members and very well known in their respective fields. Therefore, they should have played the role of a moral agent. However, it has been observed that they failed to do so and engaged in certain scams to gain own profit. According to the normative theory, the moral agents should not make any profit in illegal way or with any illegal purpose. They should have to determine the rightness and the wrongness of an action and decide their working criteria based on that. They should apply ethics while completing their works and all their works should be based on rationality. As per the theory mentioned by Emanuel Kant, a moral agent should act in good faith and should maintain a good will. It is clear from the Utilitarianism theory that all the important positions holder of any entities or the moral agents should have to act for the production of good possibility and assess the moral codes for the betterment of humanity and justice (Richman, 2014). However, in these cases, it had been observed that none of the executive rank holder had fulfilled their respective duties and engages themselves in certain illegal activities. All of them had taken an active part in the scams and flown away with the money of the investors. Application of the theories: It is important to apply the ethical prospects to the decisions of the moral agents such as the apex managements and mention a mandate for them to understand the ethical perspectives. It is the duty of the moral agents to verify their actions on the basis of the normative theory. Normative theory helps them to identify and point out the rightness and wrongness of the action so that they can decide an action framework. According to the utilitarian, courage can be considered as an element of morality. Aristotle's discussion of moral character and virtue in particular, is the most influential treatment of such issues. For this reason, his discussion will be used as a beginning point. A moral agent must have certain moral characters and in case of normative ethics, the characters must include certain major approaches such as consequentialism, deontology and virtue ethics. The application of the consequentialism theory points out the action that takes place to get the best result. As per deontological theories, the term morality is based on certain duties and can be considered as ethics of rules. However, the last approach is quite different from both of these. It concentrates on the habits of the individual and not to the rules. There are certain psychological aspects of the character and it has been observed in most of the cases that the characters are divided into two parts such as the moral and the immoral. All the agents, who are morally responsible for an act, can be regarded as moral character or moral agents and the person lack of this character can be treated as non-moral person. However, it is the moral responsibility of the agents to maintain the positive mentality and set out plans according to the nature of the acts. It can therefore be stated that the moral agents should have to show certain reactive attitudes towards the action they have taken. The reactive attitudes can be renamed as the Traditional View of Moral Character. It helps to think of the Traditional View as a family of similar and related views, rather than a fully developed and determinate view itself. The moral responsibility will lead to the moral development. In the cases, it has been observed that the executive members as well as the associated members of both the companies have failed to maintain the rules stated above. They were hold a respectful and important position of the companies and it were their duties to step in the right track and provide necessary guidelines to the investors. However, it has been observed that they have failed to do so as they were engaged in certain scams to earn their own benefit (West, 2017). It has also been noticed that they had adopted certain fraudulent methods to cheat the investors who believed them for certain purposes. All the moral responsibilities that have been discussed and prescribed by certain eminent scholars and philosophers were being denied by them and they had failed to fulfil the requirements of the moral agents. In the case of Bernard Ebber, it has been observed that he came across the truth that his company had forged certain financial documents and falsify the finance report. As the CEO of the company, it was his moral duties to inform the proper authority and maintained a moral approach regarding the same. However, the real event is something different. It has been observed that he had not taken any action regarding the same and involved in the scam of $100 million. The executive members of the company are treated as the moral agents and they investigate the rightness or wrongness in a job or work and implement certain guidelines based on the same. Therefore, it can be stated that Bernard Ebber had failed to comply with all the moral duties and ethics. In case of Bernard Madoff, similar situation had cropped up and he engaged in a Ponzi scheme that placed him in the historical scams of the Wall Street (Peterson, 2016). It has been observed that he had collected money from the investors by make a promise to double their money and after collecting all the capital, he had flown away without keeping his promise. He was a reputed financier and he should maintain the rules prescribed in the normative theory (Mandell, 2015). There are certain features too that should be maintained by them. D. Ross had stated certain duties to be maintained by the moral agents during their operation of works such as duty of fidelity, duty of gratitude, duty of reparation, duty of beneficence and duty of no injury. The main objective of duty of fidelity is to keep the promise that has been made to others. However, it has been observed in both the cases that the executive members had failed to perform the duty of fidelity and failed to keep the promise. The duty of reparation has not been maintained too. Intuition is the way contemplation that can lead to knowledge of self-evidence. Ross had stated that the duties should have to be determined first and then the agent should implement the same to others. In both the cases, it is important to apply the provisions of normative approaches. It is the duty of the moral agents to foster certain ethical approaches for the benefit of the organisation. It should be immoral if they will engage their idea to earn secret profit by denying the ethical rules and behaviour. Researchers are identifying an array of beneficial outcomes arising from ethical leadership, including increased willingness of employees to use voice to improve their organization, greater employee job satisfaction and sense of well-being, and increased trust in organization leaders, both from employees and the public (Gibson, 2016). However, Local government is a vital focus for ethics research, given that local jurisdictions across the globe have democratic mandates and responsibilities for disbursing significant quantities of public funds. It has observed in both the cases that both the moral agents had to face harsh penalties and lifetime imprisonment for the acts they had done during their working session. According to Bryman, leadership can be defined as a process of social influence whereby a leader steers members of a group towards a goal. The construction of the ethical leaders are vague as in focusing on influencing mechanisms, they do not specify normative reference points that ethical leaders can use in promoting followers to behave ethically. However, it can be stated that the moral agents should abide by the principles of normative theories to avoid any ethical dilemmas (Bernard et al., 2016). Conclusion: It can be concluded that ethics are playing an important role in determine the behaviour of human being and prescribe suggestion on the rightfulness of the human action. There are certain kinds of ethical approaches present of which normative approach make an attempt to determine the duty of the moral agents and prescribe certain framework so that they can make all the important decisions based on the same principle. In this report, two cases are being discussed that point out the ethical duty of the executive members of a company and consequence they have to face on violating the ethical principles. The executive members of the companies are known as the moral agents and they should have to maintain certain wise steps for the betterment of the company and secure the interest of the others. The object of the normative approach is to notice so that no one can earn illegal gain or profit and they should have to make a proper action plan after analysing the rightfulness of the action (D eason, Rajgopal, Waymire, 2015). In both the cases, there were certain common factors. It has been observed that both Bernard Ebber and Bernard Madoff had infringed the rules of the moral agents and deceived others by non-maintaining the promises. According to Gregory Bigley, a moral agent should have to maintain the provisions of the normative ethics as they are holding an important position and they should not deceive the others for the interest of equity and justice. Reference: Azim, M., Azam, M. (2016). Bernard Madoff's' Ponzi scheme': Fraudulent behaviour and the role of auditors.Accountancy Business and the Public Interest,15(122-137). Azim, M., Azam, M. (2016). Bernard Madoff's' Ponzi scheme': Fraudulent behaviour and the role of auditors.Accountancy Business and the Public Interest,15(122-137). Baer, M. H. (2014). Confronting the Two Faces of Corporate Fraud. Baucus, M. S., Mitteness, C. R. (2016). Crowdfrauding: Avoiding Ponzi entrepreneurs when investing in new ventures.Business horizons,59(1), 37-50. Bernard, P., de Freitas, N. E. M., Maillet, B., Modesto, A. (2016). An Index of Detection of Anomalies for Investors.Revue conomique,67(5), 1037-1056. Brey, P. (2014). From moral agents to moral factors: The structural ethics approach. InThe moral status of technical artefacts(pp. 125-142). Springer Netherlands. Christians, C. G., Fackler, M., Richardson, K., Kreshel, P., Woods, R. H. (2015).Media ethics: Cases and moral reasoning. Routledge. Deason, S., Rajgopal, S., Waymire, G. B. (2015). Who gets swindled in Ponzi schemes?. Forcehimes, A. T. (2015). On LW Sumners Normative Ethics and Metaethics.Ethics,125(4), 1142-1144. Frederickson, H. G., Rohr, J. A. (2015).Ethics and public administration. Routledge. Gibson, D. R. (2016). Ignorance at Risk: Interaction at the Epistemic Boundary of Bernard Madoffs Ponzi Scheme.Qualitative Sociology,39(3), 221-246. Honneth, A. (2014).Disrespect: the normative foundations of critical theory. John Wiley Sons. Lewis, L. S. (2016).Bernard Madoff and His Accomplices: Anatomy of a Con: Anatomy of a Con. ABC-CLIO. MacKinnon, B., Fiala, A. (2014).Ethics: Theory and contemporary issues. Nelson Education. Mandell, H. (2015). Imagine what the Gentiles must think: Editors of the Jewish press reflect on covering the Bernard Madoff scandal.Journalism, Audiences and Diaspora, New York: Palgrave, 17-33. Manning, P. (2017). Madoffs Ponzi Investment Fraud: A Social Capital Analysis.Journal of Financial Crime. May, L. (Ed.). (2017).Applied ethics: A multicultural approach. Routledge. Monaghan, L. F., O'Flynn, M. (2017). The Madoffization of Irish society: from Ponzi finance to sociological critique.The British journal of sociology,68(4), 670-692. Peterson, J. (2016). Teed off at Bernard Madoff? His character was provable on the golf course.Research in Accounting Regulation,2(28), 131. Ponzi, A. G. M. S. (2015). Scheme in Eastern Europe. Richman, D. C. (2014). Corporate Headhunting.Harv. L. Pol'y Rev.,8, 265. Shafer-Landau, R. (2014). The fundamentals of ethics. Trevino, L. K., Nelson, K. A. (2016).Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. John Wiley Sons. West, J. (2017). The Dialogues of Bernie Madoff's Ponzi Fraud: An Exploration of the Discourses of Greed, Cliques, Peer Pressure, and Error.International Journal of Semiotics and Visual Rhetoric (IJSVR),1(1), 47-55.

TOK E5 Essays - Philosophical Logic, Reality, Justification

TOK E5 True and False seem to be such clear and simple terms, opposites and mutually exclusive. In reality, however we may inhabit, in much or even most of our knowledge the fuzzy area in between the two. Discuss the difficulties of attempts to draw a clear line between the two categories in at least two areas of knowledge. The question of the definition of true and false has for centuries of western civilization baffled the greatest of philosophers. The question being not just simply the definition of True and false, but rather where one can draw the line which delineates/segregates the two. In order to extrapolate an answer for this question an investigation into at least two areas of knowledge must be conducted for contrasting purposes. For this particular essay these areas are Mathematics and Psychology. The difference in relation to the above question between the two areas of knowledge is that they are nearly exact opposites. There exists an intrinsic truth to proper mathematics (proper mathematics example 7+5=12) because it is based upon and interconnected with Kant's synthetic judgments and a priori knowledge, whilst Psychology claims its base with a posteriori knowledge and analytic judgments. In addition Plato contends in direct contrast to Protagoras that truth isn't relative and is objective and absolute. Hence proper mathematics with its basis in a priori knowledge (universally and necessarily True) is the essence of "unfuzziness," whilst Psychology is because of its basis/support of a posteriori/experience knowledge is the opposite, the epitome of "fuzziness." Immanuel Kant contends that inside of our mind exists what he calls a priori, or before experience knowledge, which is universally and necessarily True. Kant states that this a priori knowledge, of which time and space is an integral part, is the basis for our edifice of knowledge which we strive to build higher and higher, larger and larger metaphorically. In order to justify the existence of a priori take for example the human form. If one was to make void the human form of all perceptual characteristics (a posteriori) the only thing left is the space which it occupies, therefore the space must exist else the object does not exist. This is also true of time, causality, and other a priori, which lie outside the realm phenomena or experience. So these a priori are universally and necessarily True, and all knowledge adheres to these the inborn constructs of the mind. Plato made a statement about the nature of truth, a rational view that truth is not relative, but rather objective and absolute. This view upon the nature of truth is displayed through the following composed dialogue created by Dr. Sahakian between Plato and Protagoras. Protagoras: Plato, what is true for you, is true for you, and what is true for me, is true for me. Plato: Do you mean to say that my personal opinion is true? Protagoras: Indeed, that is precisely what I mean. Plato: But my dear Protagoras, my opinion is that truth is not relative; truth is not a matter of opinion, but objective and absolute. Furthermore, my opinion is that you belief in the relativity of true is absolutely false and should be abandoned. Do you still hold that my opinion is true? Protagoras: Yes, you are quite right. By stating that truth is not relative, Plato is essentially alluding to its' objective and absolute characteristics. These characteristics in turn lend that there exists within the frame work of the human mind all truth which is solely objective, limited, and unchanging. How then are these perspectives applicable to the areas of Mathematics and Psychology? Let us take for example mathematics, which is part of the "exact sciences," coupled with geometry and logic. Take for example the proper Mathematics statement "7+5=12", called a synthetic judgment by Kant. This statement/synthetic judgment although symbols are used to identify the number is universally true because its basis/support lies in a priori knowledge. If someone was however to state that "7+5=12", then we would declare the statement to be false, because it contradicts the proper Mathematics statement of "7+5=12." According to Plato truth is absolute and unchanging as is the statement "7+5=12." Also as a general rule proper Mathematics works in perfect harmony with nature, and can accurately describe

Election 2004 essays

Election 2004 essays Current Republican President, George W. Bush of Texas, has shown the country that he takes a strong stand on issues he is faced with. Democrat, John Kerry, a current senator and Vietnam veteran from Massachusetts, is liberal on social issues and moderate on economics and foreign policy. President George Bush and Senator John Kerry are both presidential candidates in this years election. As candidates, the two men are put under the spotlight and are pressed to share their opinions about the issues within our nation. One of the many topics that the candidates often speak about are "social issues". In the following paragraphs I will explain in detail, John Kerry and George Bush's opinions on abortion, the death penalty, drugs, gun control, and education. Overall, George Bush opposes abortion. He has exceptions that include cases of rape, incest, or to save a woman's life. He does not support international groups that offer abortion. He accepted the FDA approval of RU-486, the drug that is taken orally to induce abortion, but thinks it is wrong and is quite concerned about overuse. He wants to ban partial-birth abortions and try to reduce abortions all together. He would like to do so by encouraging adoption and abstinence. George Bush says, "Good people can disagree; but let's value life". Bush also beleives every child, both born and unborn, ought to be protected. Therefore, he supports the legislation to extend the 14th amendment, protections to unborn children. He supports the GOP (Grand Old Party - Republican Party) abortion plank but disagrees on the exceptions. He supports the Parental Notification Law and the Child Custody Protection Act for minor females who seek an abortion. He also opposes school-based clinics that provi de referrals and counseling for contraceptive techniques and abortion. Bush beleives that Kerry's abortion stance shows the wrong priorities. John Kerry supports a woman's right to an abortion. He holds back...

Proposing a Solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Proposing a Solution - Essay Example obe, with regard to the production of energy, its use as well as energy policies, are crucial determinants of sustainability of the present and future ecosystems and resources on the surface of the earth. Fracking presents a potential danger to the integrity of groundwater and ecosystem. The chemicals used in the fluid used for fracturing have the propensity to leak and contaminate groundwater. Besides, it has been pointed out by critics that fracking uses enormous amount of freshwater, which poses a big threat to the availability of freshwater for human consumption. The United States remains at a quagmire owing to the fact that natural gas is a crucial energy source in the country. This paper explores possible solutions to fracking, which is a threat to ecosystem and groundwater. Fracking also known as hydraulic fracturing refers to is used to extract natural gas from rocks by pumping pressurized chemical-laced water into a well to shatter the rocks. Critics assert that the consequences of Fracking (Hydraulic fracturing) far much outweigh its benefits. Fracking does not only produce natural gas, which is hazardous in terms of global warming, but also its environmental impacts raise eyebrows. It also imposes negative social impacts on the society. Fracking contributes to air pollution, water contamination as well as wastage (The Center for Media and Democracy). Fracking can weaken the ground and make it susceptible to earthquakes. This is a health hazard that must be well taken care of in order to prevent potential risks that come with drilling too many holes in an area. Fracking is a common practice in the oil and gas industry in the United States. In Texas alone, â€Å"though the total number of wells drilled for oil & gas may well top 20,000 over the next few years† (Wittmeyer Para 10). Fracking comes with both positive and negative impacts. From one point, it is considered crucial for the growth of economy. Drilling industry is perceived as one of the main

Should free access to Birth Control be Provided by every By Every Essay

Should free access to Birth Control be Provided by every By Every Government as a Basic Human right - Essay Example Some of the commonly encouraged contraceptives are barrier contraceptives. They include male and female condoms. They prevent unwanted pregnancies including sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, they do not have any side effects and are provided free by the government in hospitals, universities and other public places. The hormonal and intrauterine devices prevent unwanted pregnancies, but also possess side effects (Darney 23). They do not prevent sexually transmitted diseases. Side effects include cardiovascular risks, blood clots and breast cancer. There is economic growth when there is birth control. That is why the government is always campaigning for a couple to get children that they can afford and to reduce population growth. Economy grows because there is no large population that is depending on the few resources that the government has (Darney 23). There are fewer dependent children and both parents can participate in workforce contributing to the growth of the economy. Politically, birth control has been encouraged by licensing birth control devices. The government offers free birth control pills and devices to poverty stricken areas. Health education is also encouraged in school by the government. Primary schools, high schools and universities pupils are taught against the consequences of unsafe sex. Health workers have been trained in providing health care services in hospitals and this is encouraged by the government. Free access to birth control should be provided by governments as a basic human right because people will be in a position to have a child when they are financially and emotionally stable. Teenagers who do not have access to free birth control often end up getting pregnant while they are still in school. This is often embarrassing to the girl and the girl’s parents (Weschler 55). The pregnant girl drops out of a college or high school to take care of

Fan fiction Essay Example for Free

Fan fiction Essay Fan Fiction writing is the act of writing material with information from someone without their consent either written or otherwise. The written material is then released to the public on grounds that show the material as owner’s original; and doesn’t acknowledge it as re-edited. This will appear as the original material given that the reader had not had a chance to get the very original material. I want to agree that this activity is not legitimate one, the fact that a writer (author) writes their work and it goes into the public arena doesn’t require reframing or amendments. If the reader thinks of that work in another version, let it remain within them. Let not that which they think would have been better of; go out to the public. Interfering with this is wrong. Supposing all the fans decided to alter this original material into their way and everyone has a different understanding of same article? Letting this out to the public as well? Would not people get confused? I believe if a writer wants an opinion about their article, they know how to go about it, they know where to send it or who to give it to before it is released to the public. By the time it is getting to the public it is usually the writer’s best on that. I quite disagree that fun fiction should be a way of improving young writer’s skills of writing. Why cant these young writers come up with themes yet not released to the public and write on them? Why can’t they also get creative? There are so many things that the writers have not covered so far. It is also so wrong for fan writers to write an article and post it using the original writer’s names. Is this not theft? Is it not offensive to impersonate? The text showed this â€Å"Fan fiction is a good way to avoid learning how to be a writer. Fan fiction allows the writer to pretend to be creating a story, while using someone elses world, characters, and plot. Coloring Barbies hair green in a coloring book is not a great act of creativity. Neither is putting lipstick on Ken. Fan fiction does exactly those kinds of things. † A very good example given on the text ‘the extreme analogy: You send me a photograph of your family reunion, titled The Herkimers Get together. I think it looks dull. So I Photo-Shop it to put your friends and relations into compromising positions in various stages of undress. Then I post it on the Internet, under the title The Herkimer’s Get Together, and add a note that it was sent to me from Pete Herkimer of Missoula, Montana. Suddenly there is your face and name, and the faces of the people you care about, doing things that you would never do. Are you flattered that I thought your photograph was interesting enough to use? Or are you insulted and horrified? Are you alarmed that I so clearly connected work that is not yours to your good name? Although I must agree with the statement from the text ‘And As for definitions, to what extent is Paradise Lost a fan fiction of the Bible? To what extent is Tennysons Ulysses a fan fiction of the Odyssey? For much of human history, the concept of creative ownership Hobb seems to be using was thoroughly different: characters could be reused and rewritten as seen fit. Even given the capitalist ownership argument, which I personally find distasteful, narrow-minded, and restrictive, once again, the fan fiction under discussion is NON-COMMERCIAL’ There are those exceptions that would be allowed, the example of Paradise lost, and this seems to be a clearer edition of the Bible as far this generation is concerned. The fact that it is a book used for the continuity of the salvation of human race may need to be re-edited but the change of theme may not be altered. Another importance of fan fiction may be an act that is based on a book and probably is used for literature in schools. The author may have not written it as a play but someone else may act it and this way students may understand the book better as compared to reading it. I know that all the fan writers have a different way of looking at a particular article from that of the original writer and that is they want to reframe it, but I wonder where they were when the story was being created in that way which they don’t settle for. Keeping any ideas of how it should have looked to oneself is the best thing. Can’t people respect the work of others and promote original text writings? Fun fiction sometimes may even change the whole outlook of a story, there must be reasons why an author/writer decides to use some words and leave out others. There is a reason why the chapters in a book follow each other the way they do. In case a fan writer for example interferes with the flow of chapters and decides to bring the last chapter in the middle then any other reader might not find a reason of reading the book to the end. The flow is changed therefore the conclusion of the story comes in the middle, so why go ahead and read what you already know? Fan fiction sometimes is used on the internet, whereby an article from a newspaper may be used and with the application of coral draw; alteration may happen. When this same article is sent to people on the net, it might just convince them since they can see that it is from a legitimate source from a well known editor or writer. While this may happen on basis of malice and once the damage is caused rectifying it may be hard. So generally I know that fan fiction may be damaging. All writers have a chance of developing good writing skills but not through fan fiction as written the text ‘The first step to becoming a writer is to have your own idea. Not to take someone elses idea, put a dent in it, and claim it as your own. You will learn more from writing one story of your own, no matter how bad it is, than the most polished Inuyasha fan fiction that you write. Taking that first wavering step out into the unknown territory of your own imagination is what it is all about. When you can write well enough to carry a friend along, then youve really got something. But you arent going to get anywhere clinging to the comfort of saying, If I write a Harry Potter story, everyone will like it because they already like Harry Potter. I dont have to describe Hogwarts because everyone saw the movie, and I dont have to tell Harrys back story because thats all done for me. I agree with this statement totally. A good writer should have their own ideas and develop those ideas into stories. Reading more will help any writer get skill and get broader but fan fiction writing is demeaning to any writer. It makes a writer wholly rely on an article already thought and written instead of promoting the unique ideas any individual writer may be able to come up with. The danger of letting this continue is that we will never know what the original writer of a story intending us to know. We can never differentiate between fiction and true story. My conclusion would be depending on the intention of the fan fiction writer; this is how it can be looked at as a legal act or an illegal one. The writer in the text who is against this uses so harsh language and I found it not fair since it is not everyone who writes for fan fiction has a bad motive. â€Å"Look, the original author really screwed up the story, so Im going to fix it. Here is how it should have gone†.